Different types of Internet connection, Internet Service Provider and The Internet Address

Types of Internet Connection ;

Dial-up Connection

Conventional Dial-up

to connect to the Internet, your computer dials its modem and connects to a modem attached to a computer belonging to your ISP. PC has to dial via a phone line to connect

Characteristics of Conventional dial-up:

• ·        Slower, but cheaper
• ·        Ties up phone lines
• ·        Relatively secure from hackers
• ·        Example: Jaring, TMNet

ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network)

also transfer data over ordinary telephone lines. Typically uses two phone lines to transfer data. ISDN requires a special ISDN modem

Characteristics of ISDN:

•  Faster, but pricey
•  Doesn’t tie up phone line
•  Used by businesses and individuals

Direct Connection / Broadband Internet Connection

always on connections. Many home and small business users connect to the Internet via high-speed broadband Internet service. PC is continually connected to the Internet. Direct connections are typically broadband. Used in the home and office

Because you are always connected, it is important to protect your computer from hackers

 DSL (Digital Subscriber Line)

• Broadband delivered over telephone lines
• Must be less than 3 miles from a switching station
• Transmits over telephone lines but does not tie up the line
• Fast, direct Internet access via standard telephone line
• ADSL is one of the more popular types of DSLs
•  Requires DSL modem
• Available in urban areas
• Half or less of cable speeds
• Example :- Streamyx without WiFi

Cable Internet Service/ Cable Mode

• Cable modem: Most widely used home broadband connection
• Provides high-speed Internet access through    the cable television network via a cable modem. 

Fixed wireless

• Uses radio transmission towers rather than satellites
• Not available in all areas
• Expected to use WiMAX
• Provides high-speed Internet connections using a dish-shaped antenna to communicate via radio signals

Wi-Fi ( Wireless Fidelity)

• Data is transmitted through radio waves
• Public wireless networks
• Both free and fee-based are available
• Currently Wi-Fi for short range, but WiMAX may soon be an option
• Provide high-speed Internet connections to compatible or properly equipped wireless computers and device.
• Example : Streamyx with WiFi

Satellite Internet service

• Broadband option for rural areas
• More expensive than cable or DSL
• Available in many areas other broadband options are not
• Provides high-speed Internet connections via satellite.
• A satellite dish communicates with a satellite modem.

Fiber to the Premises (FTTP)

• Also known as Broadband over Fiber (BoF)
• Delivers over fiber-optic cabling all the way to the building
• Available in limited areas
• Fast but expensive
• Uses fiber-optic cable
• Provide high-speed Internet access to house and business users. 

Cellular Radio Network

•  Also known as Mobile wireless
• Access via mobile phone or device
• Offers high-speed Internet connections to devices with built-in compatible technology or computers with wireless modems.
• Example provider:- Celcom, Maxis, DiGi

Internet Service Provider (ISP) ;

A company that provides Internet connections and services to individuals and organizations. 

Access Provider

A business that provides individuals and organizations access to the Internet for free or for a fee

Responsibilities of an ISP

1. Providing and maintaining a connection to the Internet
2. Support the hardware and software needed to service that connection
3. To protect their site and network from external threats such as viruses, hacker attacks and other illegal activities
4. Provide 24-hour customer service and technical support

 

Example of ISP in Malaysia

PIC 1 :ISP IN MALAYSIA

THE INTERNET ADDRESS

An Internet Protocol address (IP address) is a numerical label assigned to each device connected to a computer network that uses the Internet Protocol for communication.^[1] An IP address serves two principal functions: host or network interface identification and location addressing.

Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) defines an IP address as a 32-bit number.^[1] However, because of the growth of the Internet and the depletion of available IPv4 addresses, a new version of IP (IPv6), using 128 bits for the IP address, was developed in 1995,^[2] and standardized as RFC 2460 in 1998.^[3] IPv6 deployment has been ongoing since the mid-2000s.

IP addresses are usually written and displayed in human-readable notations, such as 172.16.254.1 in IPv4, and 2001:db8:0:1234:0:567:8:1 in IPv6. The size of the routing prefix of the address is designated in CIDR notation by suffixing the address with the number of significant bits, e.g., 192.168.1.15/24, which is equivalent to the historically used subnet mask 255.255.255.0.

The IP address space is managed globally by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA), and by five regional Internet registries (RIR) responsible in their designated territories for assignment to end users and local Internet registries, such as Internet service providers. IPv4 addresses have been distributed by IANA to the RIRs in blocks of approximately 16.8 million addresses each. Each ISP or private network administrator assigns an IP address to each device connected to its network. Such assignments may be on a static (fixed or permanent) or dynamic basis, depending on its software and practices.

Function

An IP address serves two principal functions. It identifies the host, or more specifically its network interface, and it provides the location of the host in the network, and thus the capability of establishing a path to that host. Its role has been characterized as follows: "A name indicates what we seek. An address indicates where it is. A route indicates how to get there."^[4] The header of each IP packet contains the IP address of the sending host, and that of the destination host.